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Scientific book about earthworms by Charles Darwin, 1881
The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits (sometimes shortened to Worms) is an 1881 book by Charles Darwin on earthworms. It was his last scientific book, and was published shortly before his death (see Darwin from Insectivorous Plants to Worms). Exploring earthworm behaviour and ecology, it continued the theme common throughout his work that gradual changes over long periods of time can lead to large and sometimes surprising consequences. It was the first significant work on soil bioturbation, although that term was not used by Darwin (it first appeared in the soil and geomorphic literature one hundred years later).
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=== Published by John Murray, London === The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1881) The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1882) (start transcription) The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1888) (start transcription) The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1897) (start transcription) === Published by D. Appleton & Co., New York === The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1882), as Vol. XXXVII of The International Scientific Series (external scan) The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1888) (start transcription) The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1890) (start transcription) The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1896) (start transcription)