Iliad

The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, created in the 8th century BCE [5] and originating from Ancient Greece [10]. Written in Homeric Greek [6], it is divided into 24 books and composed in dactylic hexameter, containing 15,693 lines in its standard edition [1]. It forms part of both the Epic Cycle and the broader tradition of Homeric epics [4][7]. Often regarded as the first substantial piece of European literature, it remains one of the oldest extant works still widely read today and is central to the study of classical philology [1].

The poem depicts the wrath of Achilles [9] and engages with critical themes including glory, pride, fate, and wrath [3]. Frequently described as a heroic epic centered on war, violence, and the heroic code, it contains detailed descriptions of ancient warfare alongside explorations of social and domestic life [3]. Despite its predominantly serious tone, the poem also incorporates moments of comedy and humor [3].

In antiquity, the Iliad formed a cornerstone of Greek education and was performed by professional reciters known as rhapsodes at festivals such as the Panathenaia [8]. Its blending of regional dialects and depiction of unified Greek factions gave it broad resonance throughout the Hellenistic world [8].

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